中考英语复习：被动语态考点解析

一、被动语态的适用情况

1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。例如：

Many new buildings are built in our city.

2. 当强调动作的承受者时。例如：

The wounded man has been sent to a hospital.

3. 当动作执行者有比较长的修饰语时。例如：

The person was supported by those who wished to have a chance to make friends with him.

4. 出于礼貌，不愿说出动作的执行者时。例如：

You are requested to attend the party.

二、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别

1. 系表结构中的过去分词表示主语的特征或状态；被动结构则表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：

Our building is surrounded with the trees.(系表)

The film is usually showed on Sunday.(被动)

2. 系表结构不能带有by引导的短语；被动结构中可以用by引导的短语引出动作的执行者。例如：

The book is well written. (系表)

The book was written by Lu Xun.(被动)

三、使用被动语态的注意事项

1. 带双宾语的主动结构变为被动语态时，只能将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍需保留。例如：

We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her.

2. 主动语态中的不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动语态时，需加上不定式符号to。例如：

The boss made him work over twelve hours a day.

He was made to work over twelve hours a day.

3. 短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。例如：

The meeting has been put off.

4. 有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，如have， cost， lack， last， own， hold， fit， agree with等。

5. 有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义，如cut， wash， write， sell等。例如：

The shirt washes well.